Blog of the day: D.5-D.7

A control is a trial that duplicates all conditions except for the variable under investigation.

A renewable resource is a resource that can be replenished by natural processes over the time frame of human experience.

Some Suggestions:

1. If polyatomic ions, such as NO3- and CO3 2-, appear as both reactants and products, treat them as units, rather that balancing their atoms individually!

2. If water is involved in the reaction, balance hydrogen and oxygen atoms last!

3. RE-count all atoms after you think an equation is balanced, just to be sure!

D.5-D.7

p. 131

1.
a. 2C(s) + O2(g) ---> 2CO(g)
b. BALANCED

2. 2CuO (s) + C(s)---> C(s) + CO2(g)

3. O2 + O3 ---> O2 + O3

4. N 2H3 (g) + O2 (g) ---> NO2  (g) + H2O (l)

5. BALANCED

6. C8H18 (l) + 2 O2(g) + 9H2) (g) + Ag(s)

p. 140

2.
a. NaHCO3 + HCl ---> NaCl + H2O +C02
b. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ---> 6 CO2  6 H2O

4. Scientific Law is a statement based on repeated experimental observations that describe some aspect of the world. A scientific law always applies under the same conditions, and implies that there is a relationship involving elements.

6. This is because the law states that atoms are forever! This means that atoms are rearranged, not disposed or thrown away.

Section D1-D4

p.121

3.
a. Hydrochloric acid and magnesium reacts to make hydrogen and magnesium chloride.
b. comp, element, element, compound.
c. (on separate piece of paper)

p.125-126

1.
a. methane and oxygen gas reacts to become carbon dioxide and water.
b. (on separate piece of paper)
c. Reactants: Ch4 + 2 O2 Products: CO2 + 2H2O
d. not balanced

2.
a. hydrochloric acid and magnesium form hydrogen gas and magnesium bromide.
b. (on separate piece of paper)
c. Reactants: HBr + Mg Products: H2 + H2O
d. not balanced

3.
a. metallic silver and hydrogen sulfide react to form silver sulfide and water.
b. (on paper)
c. Reactants: 4 Ag + 4 H2S  Products: 2 Ag2S + 4H2O
d.not balanced

4.
a. iron and cordon monoxide react to form iron and carbon dioxide.
b. (on paper)
c. Reactants: Fe2O3 + 3CO Products: 2 Fe + 3 CO2
d. Not balanced

Summary
p. 140

1. c. (a) Hydrogen gas and chlorine gas react to become hydrochloric acid. AND THEN (b) Hydrogen and oxygen react to become water and oxygen gas.

3. The law of conversion of matter: in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed. Molecules can be converted and decomposed by chemical processes, but ATOMS ARE FOREVER!

5.
a. not balanced
b. not balanced
c. not balanced

USING REDOX REACTIONS TO OBTAIN PURE METALS

So many techniques!!!

The specific technique chosen depends on the mat al's reactivity and the availability of inexpensive reducing agents and energy sources. 

Electrometallurgy involves using an electric current to supply electrons to metal ions, reducing them. Pyrometallurgy involves treating metals and their ores with thermal energy (heat). Carbon and carbon monoxide are common reducing agents here. They provide electrons; metal ions are then reduced to form metal atoms. A more reactive metal can be used if neither of these reducing agents will do the job. Hydrometallurgy involves treating ores and other metal-containing materials with reactants in water solution.

GO over these ideas in order to study for your amazing final exam!!!

Section C

p.113

21. a. i. 68% ii. 10% iii. 7%

22. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide have different masses.

23. Oxidation loses electrons, but Reduction gains.

25. a. Reduction b.Oxidation c.Reduction

26.  a. Ni2+Aq b. Zn(s) c. Ni2+Aq

27. a. Hg2+(aq) b.2K(s) c. Hg2+(aq)

28.  a. Al+Cr +Al3    b.Mn2+ + 2e- a Mg

29. a. Uses electric current to supply electrons to metal ions. b.Treats metals and their ores with thermal energy (heat). c. Hydrometallurgy treats ores with ores and other metal-containing materials with reactants with water solution.

30. a. Electrometallurgy b. Pyrometallurgy

I'm only gonna break break ya break break your heart

Many of us have been there: hearing the words, “It’s not you, it’s me,” or, “Maybe we should just be friends.” Others have dealt with the death of a loved one or role model. And while each end to a relationship is different one feeling is common: heartbreak.

 Heartbreak Really Does Hurt, Heartbreak is a term used to describe crushing grief, anguish, and distress, often because of the pains and strains of love. The experience of heartbreak can be so intense that some scientists suggest it feels the same as physical pain.

In one study, people showed similar brain activity when they viewed a photo of a former loved one and when they felt extreme heat on their arm.“Heartbreak can be so intense that some scientists suggest it feels the same as physical pain.” 

In fact, it might even be true that people can die of a broken heart. The period of mourning after a death brings increased blood pressure and heart rate, which can raise cardiovascular risk.

 Another study of people who recently lost their spouse found that the stress involved with mourning increased the risk of dying from a heart attack by 20 to 35 percent. Looks like heartbreak really can hurt the human heart.

"Pain is the way the mind responds to trouble inside the body," says Alex Zautra, a professor of psychology at Arizona State University."  Emotion is the same way. Whether you feel love or sadness is also a response to something you feel outside the body. With pain it is a closer response to something inside the body, but it is a response to learn and motivate recovery.

The depression caused by heartbreak creates a barrier that can prevent us from feeling and experiencing life to the fullest. Symptoms range from isolation from society to physical sickness and pain. You lose a part of yourself when connections are lost, and its not far-fetched to say that you feel completely empty inside. There's an ache, a deep ache that explodes from the inside of our bodies longing for the past. The pain is real and there's no other way to describe how bad it really hurts than to name it heartbreak. It's a longing for the past and the pain of feeling completely empty and well... alone. 

It makes it hard to get up in the morning and to get through the day, but all wounds are healed through time, and so you hope for the future to come quickly.

                                       warning: graphic images                                           

http://greatist.com/happiness/science-broken-heart

Abstract: In this lab, we found out how reactive and how un-reactive certain metals are. We also found out how those certain metals reacted when coming into contact with certain nitrate solutions. We noticed the chemical properties and the physical properties in the changing of the metals. The least reactive metal was Copper, which only reacted to one of the three solutions. Magnesium and Zinc were equally reactive when coming into contact with the solutions. 

Metals	Observations	Results
1 Cu	Has luster	1, 3, & 4. Nothing Changes  2. Turned black	1 = Cu Nitrate 2 = Ag Nitrate 3 = Zn Nitrate 4 =  Mg Nitrate
2 Mg	Silver color	1.Became bubbly  2.Turned black 3. No reaction 4. No reaction
3 Zn	Skinny and malleable	1. liquid turns foggy and green  2. Turned black 3. No reaction 4. No reaction

1. Mg
2. Cu4) 
3. None it is not reactive.

4) 1.Zinc 2.Magnesium 3.Copper
5)A.The outer layer of a penny is made of copper because it is lustrous and more appealing to use as currency also because copper is less reactive than zinc, so it acts as a protective layer for the inner layer of a penny.

 B.Silver, because it has the same type of color as most coins, it is malleable, and is more lustrous than copper. 

C.Because it is much more valuable than copper.

6) a.Zinc because it is the most reactive     

   b.Copper because it is the least reactive  

7) a. Yes because the one of the substances was unreactive with the solutions and nothing happened to it. 

   b.The first solution with all of them since nothing happened.