Section C

11. They exist as minerals because they are oxidized.

12. a. We used the textbook given. b.Check with your teacher/instructor. c.No, the textbook was given to us in class.

13. The textbook is consistently reliable because it was given to us by our teacher.

14.The product will be completely inaccurate, and the entire lab will be ruined.

15. 602,000,000,000,000

16. a. 38 b.48 c.100 d.80

17. They have different masses.

18. a.1 mole b. 19.55 grams c.one tenth of a mole

19. 91.7% Cu 8.3% Ni

20. a.257.81 grams b. 263.74c grams c.100.09 grams

Blog of the Day: Percent Composition

What is Percent Composition?
This is the percent by mass of each component found in a sample such as a coin.

The percent composition can be found by dividing the mass of each metal by the mass of the penny, and then multiplying by one hundred percent.

       2,4375 g zinc
       ________      X 100 = 97.50% zinc
       2.500 g total


      0.0625 g copper
      __________   X 100 = 2.50% copper
       2.500 g total


Percent Composition helps geologists to describe how much metal or mineral is present in a particular ore and to evaluate whether the ore should be mined.

Thanks!
Forever and Always,
Abi

Section C

p.112

1. Atmosphere: nitrogen and oxygen. Hydrosphere: Water and dissolved minerals. Lithosphere: Variety of chemical resources including ores.

2. A. Crust, Mantle, Core. B. The Lithosphere's thin band of soil and rock.

3. a. Peru b. Chile c. China

4. China produces the largest masses of the eight resources on the table.

5. Ores are naturally occurring rocks that can be mined, while minerals are a naturally occurring solid substance commonly removed from ores.

6. 1. Quantity of useful ore found on site. 2. Percent of metal in the ore. 3. Type gof mining and extracting that is needed to extract the metal from its ore. 4. Distance of the mine from metal-refining facilities and markets. 5. Supply vs. Demand status 6. Enviro impact of the mining and processing.

7. There could be a larger demand for Gold (Au) forcing the mine to reopen.

8. This refers to what kind of metal is in the ore and whether it is needed or not.

9. Active metals are much more durable which would make them hard to process, also they will react to oxygen.

10. Copper would be the easiest to process because it is the least reactive.

p. 79

29. Oxygen with a mass number of 16 and oxygen with a mass number of 18 is the more similar pair. This is because the only difference is that one has more neutrons.

30. 352 pm

31. a. Germanium (Ge) b. Silicon (Si)

32.  Cobalt and nickel & Argon and Potassium

33. Magnesium is an alkaline metal. It has luster, lasts, and is very durable, strong and resistant so it is great to use on ships to prevent corrosion.

Spectral Lines of Magnesium

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Forever and Always,
Abiii

Science Report: A way to predict Alzheimer's Disease

Researchers have found a way to predict Alzheimer's Disease.
A brain scan or spinal tap can form suspicions. The new study's conclusions are upheld by work that may explain what is happening in the disease. This disease, which wrecks people's brains, affects 35 million people- a number expected to increase in the future. And on a sad note, it is incurable. Alzheimer's is very hard to detect until the person's behavior starts to change and he starts to lose his memory. But, at this point a lot of damage has already been done to his brain.
To the patient, early intervention with any drug that might work one day is better than waiting until behavior starts to change and memory loss occurs.

Howard Federoff, of Georgetown University Medical Center provides important research. His research identified ten molecules whose concentration in the blood predicted whether someone went on to develop symptoms of Alzheimer's within the next three years. 

The molecules may also help show what is happening in the early stages of Alzheimer's. They are phospholipids, which are components of cell membranes. Why the disease reduces phospholipid levels in the blood is unclear, but those levels might easily reflect problems in the membranes of the affected brain cells.

             

              Cuties--->

Channing the Chemist: Part Two

                     This made me very happy, I hope it makes you happy too!

Blog of the Day: B.12 and B.13

Copper Metal
-When heated, it gradually reacts with oxygen gas in the air to produce a black substance.
-2Cu(s) + O2(g) ---> 2CuO(s)
-Reacts to form black copper oxide when heated in room temperature. The metal remains relatively unreactive in air.

Magnesium Metal
-also reacts with oxygen gas
-unlike copper, when magnesium is heated in the air it quickly BURNS in a flash of light.
-2Mg(s) + O2(g) ---> 2MGO(s)

Gold (Au)
-doesn't react with any components in air, including oxygen gas.
-This is one reason why golden is highly prized in long-lasting, decorative objects (such as jewelry).
____________________

-Each solution contains a particular cation.
-Observing how willingly  a certain metal reacts with oxygen provides information about the metal's chemical's reactivity.

Thanks.
Forever and Always,
Abi

p.78

19. a. gaining electrons b. neither c. neither d. losing electrons e. losing electrons

20. a. H b. Na1+ c. CL1- d. Al3+

21. a. Kl: Potassium Iodide b. CaS:Calcium Sulfide c. FeBr3: Iron Bromide d. BaOH2:Barium Hydroxide e. NHHHH+ + POOOO3- f. Al203:Aluminum Oxide

22. The periodic table was created because Mendeleev wanted to illustrate periodic trends in the properties of then-known elements.

23.  A type of graph that clearly represents each number and how each could be used.

24. a. A data table is helpful before an investigation because it can set up the steps that need to be taken. b. Data tables are important during an investigation because it helps organize the investigation c. Data tables are important after an investigation because it is important to see what information was gathered.

25. a. They help organize each ion and ionic compound. b They do not show the # of neutrons.

26.  Calcium metal with chromium(111) because it is mire reactive.

27. B because they are more neutral

28. a. This is wrong because it would make a replacement reaction b.  Fe+Pb + 4 ---> Fe +3+Pb

Thanks!!!
Forever and Always,
Abi

Blog of the Day: B.9 B.10 B.11

Halogen Group
-Consists of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine.
-When elements in this group from compounds, those compounds are Halide compounds.
Halogens are found in the form of diatomic molecules. But, Hexane is a molecular compound.

The sodium halide compounds are not composed of molecules.
Ionic compounds are substances composed of positive and negative ions. An ion is an atom or group of atoms. Also, an anion is a negatively charged ion, but a cannon is a positively charged ion.
Atoms gain or lose electrons to form negative or positive ions (remember protons are positive and electrons are negative!)
How willingly an atom gains or loses electrons to form ions is another example of a Periodic Property.

p.77

11. a. They are located on the right side of the table. b. They are all gases. c. They are all unreactive.
12. a. MgF2 b. GaP2
13. 282 degrees
14. I would expect it to be higher because it is more reactive.
15. Atoms of metallic elements are more likely to lose one or more electrons.
16. a. cation b. cation c. anion d. cation e. anion f. cation g. cation h. anion
17. It shows that they do not react.
18. a. anion b. neutral c. neutral d. cation e. cation

Thank you very much!
Forever and Always,
Abi

p. 77

6.Mg-24: 12 Protons,12 Neutrons. Mg-25: 12 Protons, 13 Neutrons. Mg-26: 12 Protons, 13 Neutrons.

7. The mass of the electron is much less than the mass of the proton or neutron, as the electron is very tiny so it weighs less.

8. This information is not sufficient because it is important to know some deep characteristics of the element in order to have a strong prediction. But, all he has is the element's mass which is not enough information.

9. a. Period b. Group or family

10. Beryllium (Be) and Sodium (Na).

p. 57

2. A. No, 1-
    B. No, 3+
    C. No, 3+
    D. No, 2+
    E. Yes!

Thanks so much!
Forever and Always,
Abi

P. 77

1. a(6) b(13) c(82) d(17)
2. a. no b. no c. yes d. no
3. C
    C
    20, 20
    Pt, 78 , 78
    92, 92
4. This is wrong because the student says that it needs to gain two protons to make the ion, but the values must be equal and we do not have enough information in order to identify if this is correct.
5. a. 12, 13, 41, 195, 238. b. Mg-25 and Mg-26

Thanks!
Forever and Always,
Abi

Blog of the Day: The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table organizes and categorizes the basic elements by the number of protons in the nucleus of the element's atom (atomic number). The table is laid out so that you can determine characteristics of an element just by looking at it's placement on the table. The three reasons to use a periodic table are:
1. To predict physical and chemical properties of an element.
2. To identify elements by their atomic numbers.
3. To locate periods and groups of elements.

FUN FACTS

-It is organized like a gigantic grid

-The periodic table has a name for its columns.Columns that go from top to bottom are called groups.

-When you look at a periodic table each of the rows is considered to be a different period!!

-Elements have something in common if they are in the same row.

-It has a pattern that resembles a monthly calendar.

Thank You!

Forever and Always,

Abi

P.48

18. An inference is your conclusion about the reaction that occurred.
19.  a. Observation  b. inference c. observation d. observation e. observation f. inference
20. It is important to organize laboratory observations so that when you need to make a conclusion you have all the information you need and you know where to find it.
21. It is important to read an entire investigation before beginning lab work because it saves you from causing any disasters or making any mistakes. There will be specific instructions that will tell you when to put goggles on, and lead you through the guidelines to tell you exactly what you need to do.
22. (on separate page)
23. (on separate page)
24.  C2H6
25. (on separate page)
26. Scientific models have limitations because many objects could not be modeled to scale.

Thanks!
Forever and Always,
Abi

“Lost” Vincent Van Gogh Still Life Found Using Science

“Lost” Vincent Van Gogh Still Life Found Using Science

The painting has the creative title “Still Life With Roses And Field Flowers”. Using the newest technologies, the latest high-tech x-ray imaging gave scholars a way to see UNDERNEATH the painting.

Using x-ray technology, art historians were able to see beneath the painting and finally confirm that is was an original Van Gogh. In the past, this painting was x-rayed, but the historians were not able to clearly see what was underneath it. So many questions were asked, because there were so many parts about it that were strange. But, this new technology gave them a much clearer image, so that they were able to identify it as one of Van Gogh's. For over a century, this huge still life canvas (100 × 80 cm) passed in and out of private collections as painted by Anonymous. Then, in 2012, new x-ray technologies allowed museums to look at the painting beneath the flowers, revealing a partially finished portrait of two men wrestling. This new insight was combined with a letter Van Gogh wrote to his brother about a “big thing with two naked torsos, two wrestlers” that he had painted and liked. They thought that the wrestler painting had either been lost to time, or painted over to save the cost of a new canvas.

The now authenticated still life finally sits in the Antwerp Kröller-Müller Museum, reunited with other Van Gogh works of art.

http://www.cnn.com/2012/03/22/world/europe/new-van-gogh-painting-found/

WELCOME -Beinvenidos-Be'ruchim Ha'ba'im-Chosh Oomadin

Hey there,
My name is Abi and I am going to tell you a little bit about my experience in previous science classes. Last year I had taken Biology with Michelle Amos. That was a fun class and an interesting subject, but honestly it was quite difficult. In the eighth grade I was in Mr. Edelen's Class, learning about engineering and coding for robots! That was very hard, but I received my best grade out of every final I have ever taken! Now, going back to the seventh grade, my teacher was Mr. Rector. He was an absolutely amazing teacher and I loved learning about evolution and natural selection with him, as this subject was in fact very interesting.

Ya...so... this is my blog! Sit back, relax, go grab some Starbucks, and scroll through. Make sure to comment any ideas, thoughts, or questions.

Thank You!
Forever and Always,
Abi

Blog of the Day: Metals VS. Non-Metals

Metals VS. Non-Metals

Metals and non-metals are completely different. Metals are ductile, have luster, are electrically conductive, and are malleable (A property of a material that permits it to be flattened without shattering). Metals include elements such as iron (Fe), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), and cobbler (Cu).
Non-Metals are brittle (shatter easily), do not have luster, and do not react with acids. Carbon (C), and Oxygen (O). Another interesting part is the in-between of metals and non-metals: Metalloids. Metalloids have properties intermediate between metals and non-metals.

Thank You!
Forever and Always,
Abi

Unit 1 A.7, A.8, A.9, A.10

P.48

12. a. Hydrogen (3) Phosphorus (1) Oxygen (4) b. Sodium (1) Oxygen (1) Hydrogen (1) c. Sulfer (1) Oxygen (2)

13. a. Metal b. Non-Metal c. Non-metal d. Metal

14. Silicon (Si) and Germanium (Gi)

15. The nickel is malleable so I would expect the nickel to flatten and bend instead of shatter.

16. 1. Non-metals shatter easily, so they cannot be bent like wires. 2. They do not react with acids.

17. 1. Metals are shiny, giving coins their right, nice appearance. 2. They do not shatter easily like             non-metals. 3. Metals are also very tough and durable which is important for a coin.

Thank You!
Forever and Always,
Abi

Concept Check Questions

P. 35
1. Copper is more dense than zinc.

2. There is more zinc than copper in a penny.

3. There is more because it completely fills the inside of the penny, as the copper is only on the outside.

P. 38
1. a. Phosphorus b. Nickel c. Copper d. Cobalt e. Bromine f. Potassium g. Sodium h. Iron

2.  Phosphorus, Nickel, Copper, Cobalt, Bromine

3. The answer is the element's symbol because it is a more abbreviated version so it is more likely to be used.

4. a. Hydrogen and oxygen, 2 atoms b. Calcium and Chloride, 2 atoms c. Sodium, hydrogen, cobalt, three atoms d. Hydrogen, Sulfer, Oxygen, 3 atoms.

5. H2+ O2-->H2O

Thank You!
Forever and Always,
Abi

Unit 1. Sec A Summary HW problems

P. 47-48

6.  A. Mix ingredients like eggs, milk, chocolate chips, flour, oil, and sugar together. Roll and put into      oven at three hundred fifty degrees for thirteen minutes. 

     B. Mixing everything together is a chemical reaction and rolling into a ball is a physical change. 

7.  A substance is each element and compound which has a uniform and definite composition as well as distinct properties. Two examples of a substance are oxygen and water.

8.  a. compound b. element c. compound d. element e. compound f. element g. element

9.  a. i, ii, iv

     b. iii, v

10. Chemical formula represents each element present and indicates how many atoms of the element(to the left of the subscript) are in one unit of the compound. 

11. The chemical formula represents a different chemical compound. Inside a chemical formula a chemical symbol is an abbreviation of an of an element name. Such as N for nitrogen or Fe for Iron.

Thank You!
Forever and Always,
Abi